Cloud Security Starts Below the Cloud

Quantum computing has a talent problem hiding inside a technology problem. The discussion around post quantum cryptography often starts with algorithms. NIST has already standardized the first post quantum algorithms and continues to update technical standards. In June, it released working drafts for bringing post quantum cryptography into Personal Identity Verification credentials, including a model that supports gradual migration from classical cryptography. NIST also finalized updated crypto agility guidance on 29 June. The concept is straightforward: organizations need the ability to replace cryptographic algorithms and implementations without causing major disruption. Doing that requires people who understand considerably more than the names of new algorithms. FIRST, FIND THE CRYPTOGRAPHY Ask an organization where it uses encryption and the first answers may be predictable: VPNs, databases, certificates and websites. Keep looking and the list grows. Cryptography can be embedded in applications, APIs, identity systems, cloud services, hardware, third party software, backups, digital signatures and old systems that everyone politely avoids touching. Preparing for a cryptographic transition therefore requires capabilities such as: * Discovering where cryptographic algorithms,

For decades, public-key cryptography has been the backbone of protecting sensitive information, such as financial transactions, personal data, corporate communications, and government secrets. Whether logging into a secure banking app, shopping online, or browsing encrypted websites (like HTTPS), public key infrastructure (PKI) protects your data from cybercriminals. However, the rise of quantum computing introduces transformative and potentially disruptive challenge to this foundation of digital trust. THE QUANTUM REVOLUTION Quantum computers can perform complex computations faster than even the most advanced current supercomputers. While this capability promises breakthroughs in drug discovery and healthcare, materials science or Artificial Intelligence (AI), it also poses a significant threat to current cryptographic systems. Quantum computers could break widely used publickey cryptographic systems (e.g., RSA, ECC), compromising critical infrastructure security such as energy grids, financial systems, and sensitive government communication networks. Compromised public-key cryptography could lead to forged digital certificates or signatures, undermining trust in banking, healthcare, and government services. Quantum cryptography attacks could also compromise billions of connected devices, from smart homes to Industrial Control Systems (ICS), by

INTRODUCTION Today, almost everything we do happens online, from working and studying to shopping and banking. While the internet makes life easier, it also comes with certain risks, especially when it comes to privacy and data security. Many people connect to public Wi-Fi in places like cafés, airports, or hotels without realizing that these networks may not always be secure. In some cases, attackers can monitor or intercept data that travels through these connections. This is where VPN apps become useful. A VPN app helps create a safer internet connection by protecting your data and hiding your online identity. Even if you are using an open network, a VPN can help keep your activity more private. This article will explain what a VPN app is, how it works, and why it has become an important tool for safer internet use. Source: pr.norton.com [https://pr.norton.com/blog/privacy/what-is-a-vpn?utm_], security.org [https://www.security.org/vpn/?utm_], fortinet.com [https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/vpn-wifi?utm_] WHAT IS A VPN APP? A VPN app is a tool that helps protect your internet connection and online activity. VPN stands for Virtual Private Network.